Cat Vaccination Guidelines and Standards
The Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel, comprised of dedicated feline veterinarians and scientists, is a reputable source of cat vaccination standards. Their guidelines, published by the American Association of Feline Practitioners, are widely trusted and utilized in the field.
According to these guidelines, cat vaccines are classified into two categories: core vaccines (highly recommended by most vets) and noncore/lifestyle vaccines (sometimes recommended by your vet). Core vaccines are recommended for all cats, regardless of their environment or conditions, while noncore vaccines are appropriate for specific cats in certain circumstances.
What Vaccines Should My Cat Get?
Most veterinarians highly recommend the FVRCP (Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia) and rabies vaccines. These diseases are highly infectious and pose a significant threat to young cats. The vaccines are considered effective in providing protection with minimal risk.
The FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus) vaccine is typically required for kittens but is optional for cats that are at least a year old.
Rabies Vaccine (Core)
Rabies vaccination is given every year or every three years, depending on state laws and the brand of vaccine used. Rabies is not only significant for its impact on cats but also because it is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans and potentially fatal. While cats are not natural carriers of the disease, they can become infected through a bite from an infected mammal and transmit it to others.
FVRCP Vaccine (Core)
The FVRCP vaccine combines three core vaccines into a single three-in-one shot. These vaccines protect against Feline Rhinotracheitis Virus/Herpesvirus 1, Feline Calicivirus, and Feline Panleukopenia. The convenience of a combination vaccine allows veterinarians to administer all three vaccines in one visit, reducing the need for multiple injections.
The frequency of FVRCP vaccination depends on whether your cat is indoor, outdoor, or both, as well as their age. Indoor adult cats can be vaccinated every three years, while cats with outdoor access or those who are young or senior may require yearly vaccinations. Cats heading into stressful situations, such as boarding, may benefit from a core vaccine booster 7-10 days prior.
FeLV Vaccine (Core for Kittens)
The FeLV vaccine protects against feline leukemia virus, a worldwide infectious disease. FeLV is transmitted through body fluids such as saliva, urine, and feces when an infected cat comes into close contact with another cat. While some cats go into a regressive state and remain healthy throughout their lives, others may develop associated conditions such as lymphoma, anemia, or immunosuppression.
Kittens should receive the initial FeLV vaccination series, consisting of two doses spaced three to four weeks apart. Adult cats should receive a revaccination one year later. Based on recent data, subsequent vaccines may be administered based on risk, with yearly vaccinations for high-risk cats and every two years for lower-risk cats. Your veterinarian can assess your cat’s risk and determine an appropriate vaccination schedule.
Cat Vaccination Schedule
When determining your cat’s vaccination schedule, your veterinarian will consider various factors, including age, medical history, vaccination history, likelihood of exposure to pathogens, severity of diseases caused by pathogens, state laws, and the brand of vaccine. It’s essential to discuss your cat’s lifestyle and risk factors with your veterinarian to establish an optimal and individualized vaccination protocol.
Here is a general cat vaccination schedule to use as a starting point:
Kittens (up to 1 year of age)
- 6-8 weeks: FVRCP (core), FeLV (core)
- 10-12 weeks: FVRCP (core; first or second shot), FeLV (core; first or second shot)
- 14-16 weeks: FVRCP (core; only if first shot given at 10-12 weeks), Rabies, FeLV (core; only if first shot given at 10-12 weeks)
- 1 year after initial series: FVRCP booster, Rabies booster
Adult and Senior Cats (Over 1 year old)
- Every year: FELV (optional noncore vaccine)
- Every 1-3 years: FVRCP (every 3 years for indoor cats, every year for indoor/outdoor, outdoor-only, very young, or senior cats), Rabies (1-year or 3-year vaccine depending on state laws)
Remember, these guidelines are a starting point, and it’s important to consult with your veterinarian to develop a personalized vaccination plan for your cat.
For more information on cat vaccinations and other feline care topics, refer to our comprehensive cat care guide.
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